Everything about Thermodynamic Equations totally explained
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For a quick reference table of these equations, see: Table of thermodynamic equations
In
thermodynamics, there are a large number of
equations relating the various
thermodynamic quantities. In
chemical thermodynamics, which is a sub-branch of thermodynamics, for example, there are millions of useful equations. In particular, the structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two
laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the "fundamental equations of Gibbs" can be derived. From these four, more than fifty million equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the
thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics. Some of the more commonly used thermodynamic equations are described below:
Introduction
The first
thermodynamic equation, arguably, is the definition of "
work" or weight lifted through a height, as defined in 1824 by French physicist
Sadi Carnot. Technically, Carnot used the phrase
motive power, which is what we currently refer to as work. In the footnotes to his famous
On the Motive Power of Fire he states “We use here the expression
motive power to express the useful effect that a motor is capable of producing. This effect can always be likened to the elevation of a weight to a certain height. It has, as we know, as a measure, the product of the weight multiplied by the height to which it's raised.” In this manner, Carnot is actually referring to "motive power" in the same manner we currently define "
work". Hence, if we include a unit of
time in Carnot's definition, we'd then have the modern-day definition for
power:
»
These properties are seen to be the three possible second derivative of the Gibbs free energy with respect to temperature and pressure.
Further Information
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